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Planning Commission, Tuesday, April 19, 2022

Video, Legistar details.

I mostly just skimmed through the discussion of the plan for an 8-unit residential building at 212 Miller (D2 zone). See also an mlive article on 212 Miller. Discussion is mainly about accessibility, since the only wheelchair access is through garage space. Postponed to next meeting (in two weeks) to consider alternatives.

A second petition is to annex 5.71 acres at 2600 Pontiac Trail. It will then eventually be zoned R4A and site plans (this is planned to be part of The Village of Ann Arbor project), passed without much discussion.

Next, a presentation on the Ann Arbor Sustainable Energy Utility. I don't know much of this, so I'm not entirely confident of my summary, but I'll try: They say that building entirely new replacement for DTE, or buying out DTE's infrastructure, would be a huge, expensive project. So they're talking instead about a utility that would be some sort of parallel supplement--microgrids of solar panels and batteries may just cover a few neighboring households, if I understand correctly. If I understand right, it would help owners finance panels and batteries by paying the upfront expenses and then collecting utility fees. Also, currently DTE caps solar production to what was historically consumed at that site, this would allow someone to produce more and share with a neighbor (say a neighbor on a shadier lot). More at www.a2gov.org/a2seu. Commissioner Lee has some questions about initial capital and responsibility for maintenance.

Finally there's the commission's work program (discussion starts here). Maybe it's the way it has to be, but it all feels a bit slow, and modest. I wonder what else should be there, or what should be reprioritized? Commissioners asked about TC1 rezoning schedule and it sounds like staff time and public engagement are bottlenecks.

Items that seem like they could add significant housing supply: TC1 Rezoning (Stadium 2022, Washtenaw 2023, Plymouth 2024). Parking minimums (2022). R4C (Someone asked a question about this but I'm still a little vague on what it would mean. Are there any other plans to liberalize existing zones? I guess that waits on the "single family zoning" subcommittee?

I noticed "Pedestrian connectivity between/among private developments", just listed vaguely as "future". I'd be curious to hear what might be feasible there, as it's long been a pet peeve of mine; there are lots of places in Ann Arbor where it looks like there should be a simple, direct, route pedestrian between points A and B, but in fact you have to make a long detour around a fence that has no real reason to be there.

Commissioner Wyche reminds the commission of the racist origins and effects of zoning and makes a plea for prioritizing equity and housing supply, mentioning "missing middle" housing in particular.

Planning Commission, Tuesday, April 5, 2022

video, Legistar meeting details.

Disch notes that council passed TC1 (I think she's referring to the rezoning of the are near Briarwood to TC1). Yay! Increasing housing density along transit corridors is a win for so many reasons. I only wish the process was going faster.

Maple Cove II is a proposed 70 unit apartment complex at Miller and Maple. Some discussion about why all the curb cuts were required. The answer seemed to have to do with fire truck access. The discussion seemed to imply that, other things equal, it's better to have fewer curb cuts. I wonder why. (Honest question, I haven't thought about it much.) Comissioner Gibb-Randall is unhappy that it required taking out a big tree. Gas/electric choice was brought up again. Petitioner says they just haven't looked into it very closely yet? Lots of comments in favor of electrification, but doesn't sound like planning commission has much leverage there. Commissioner Mills asks about height. They're limited by FAR (floor-area ratio), but why not fewer taller buildings? DIdn't hear a clear answer. Commissioner Lee finds the construction cost estimates optimistic. Wysche asks whether they can get some sort of sustainability scoring to simplify some recurring discussion. Lennart says some projects get sustainability office review, which would be included in the staff report, but this one didn't get that, I'm a little unclear why.

Off-street parking requirements: this is the bit I'm most enthusiastic about. (See e.g. the high cost of free parking for an introduction to the problem.) The introduction to the staff report is good: "Staff recommends that the amendments to the Unified Development Code (UDC) be approved because the proposed amendments will reduce the amount of under-utilized impervious surfaces, encourage land to be used more efficiently, incentivize the construction of new residential dwelling units by reducing construction and land acquisition costs which may result in more affordable housing units being constructed, and by using land more efficiently, will support transit service.") It's not going to result in immediate dramatic change, for a lot of reasons, but it's a really important step.

Some details: they're only eliminating car parking requirements, not bike parking requirements (which don't take up much space anyway). Also, if I understand correctly: *if* you still choose to build parking, you're still required to include some EV spaces (spaces with chargers for electric vehicles), as a percentage of the total parking. (The details are complicated.) But you're not subject to any EV space requirements if you don't build any parking.

It imposes parking *maximums* in the TC1 district. It makes sense to minimize parking in districts where we expect lots of trips to be by bus--first, there should be less need for it, and second, big parking lots make walking less safe and convenient.

There are also a few maximums for specific cases, e.g., "broadcasting facility". I'm not clear why some get maximums and some don't.

Minor thing, but I like that this is a net decrease in the size of Ann Arbor's zoning code.

Brett Lenart says they try to choose a single maximum for TC1 to make it easy to modify uses. But maximums may make it difficult to market non-residential housing: Commissioner Lee's comments here are informative. If we want other uses in TC1 (like retail or office), we may need to allow more parking for those uses for now.

DIscussion points out there's already another limit in TC1: area for use of vehicles is limited to size of the building footprint. (Apparently that's already part of the existing TC1 ordinance language, but I can't find it.)

Commissioner Sauve says TC1 isn't appropriate for large restaurants (which was one example given as a parking-heavy use), and smaller "neighborhood joints" (and maybe other more neighborhood-focused businesses) may have less parking demand?

Commissioner Mills says TC1 allows more sharing between parking users, which may help with adjustment.

Commissioner Disch is concerned about the footprint limitation because she sees council's main goal as higher residential density, and it may make limit the height of residential buildings too much.

Staff's proposed parking changes pass unanimously as is (with at least one "heck yes").

Next they discuss the policy agenda (the city's wishlist for the state legislature). Agreed to strike enabling inclusionary zoning as something to lobby for. (Inclusionary zoning may be good or bad for affordability depending on the details and your assumptions, given a not-particularly-friendly legislature and the uncertainty, there's skepticism about the value of pushing for it, if I understand right.)

Finally, they revisit discussion of apartment building electrification. They don't have much authority over that sort of thing, but there's an argument that they should talk about it anyway, as part of education petitions and the public. Brett Lenart suggest, if I understand correctly, that perhaps they could impose some sustainability requirements on new developments if they could come up with metrics that are clear enough.

There's also the consideration that imposing such requirements may have the unintended consequence of just moving developments a little further away to a different jurisdiction, for now gain in building sustainability and a loss in transportation efficiency.

Planning Commission, Tuesday, March 15, 2022

Video, Legistar meeting details.

Repeated presentation on UDC ordinance revisions from last time (allow churches in M1; adjust minimum lot area & dimensions in R2A to bring in line with R1D; Marijuana dispensaries, etc.).

Responded to question from last time to say that they've found they don't have sufficient data to summarize why remaining R2A parcels would remain nonconforming after revisions.

Disch asked why a couple setbacks are still larger in R2A than R1D, why? Staff says: they were focused on nonconforming lots for now, not nonconforming structures, which is a slightly different problem. Also: side setback at least is less interesting since building code issues also make the smaller setback impractical anyway. In the end, they did amend to decrease rear setbacks.

Someone asked about fourplexes. R2A doesn't allow them, but staff says there are (if I heard right) about 350 (out of total 1700-ish?) R2A parcels that might be large enough for two duplexes (or to split lots into two).

Skimmed over a bunch, including a drawn-out discussion of the marijuana licensing change. Which I didn't follow. But it kinda feels like something went wrong that people were at the meeting and still confused about how this works.

I mostly skipped a discussion of an expansion of the Chinese Christian Church on Dhu Varren.

Maple Cove 2: apartment complex at Maple & Miller: public comment disappointed in use of gas heating in new apartment construction.

Entirely too much time talking about council proposal to ask UM to build more housing on North Campus, something which council has no authority to do.

DIscussion of the city's policy agenda--this is what we think the state should do. Also something the city has no authority over, but we do have some influence--though not much given the current legislature's composition. One item of relevance to planning is: "support and advocate for the ability of cities to incorporate inclusionary zoning practices and affordability incentives into their land development codes." It's tempting to try to meet our affordability goals by imposing mandates on new development--that feels like something we can get "for free". The problem is it tends to discourage new private development, which is (by far) the main source of new housing supply, and therefore makes housing overall more expensive. Commissioner Clarke therefore expresses some skepticism, which I share. I'm a little unclear what the outcome was.

Planning commission, Tuesday, March 1, 2022

Video, meeting details from Legistar.

Sounds like the start was delayed by technical problems.

Various minor ordinance updates; most interesting to me is the R2A update. Actual vote is postponed till next meeting, in case the meeting start delay prevented any public feedback.

Commissioner Hammerschmidt asked what's left in R2A that's still noncompliant--would further small tweaks eliminate more? Staff wasn't sure, but could come back with an answer.

Longest discussion was probably on a tweak to Marijuana dispensary zoning which I didn't follow.

Commissioner Wyche asked how to get parking maximums on the agenda, and more generally about how Planning Commission gathers, prioritizes, and schedules work.

Planning Commission, Tuesday Feb. 15 2022

Video is here. Micing of in-person participants is inconsistent again, sometime they're barely audible. For some reason Legistar has no details on this meeting right now. (Update: they're there now.)

This was mostly a review of the 3874 Research Park Site Plan: a new office and R&D building. See also https://www.mlive.com/news/ann-arbor/2021/07/ann-arbor-development-expands-plans-for-flex-tech-building.html.

Some of the details (on energy conservation, stormwater management, etc.), are actually pretty interesting, but I skipped most of it for reasons of time. There was a long discussion about the mismatch with A2Zero goals. It's a reminder for me that we just don't yet have the systems we need to solve our climate problems.

At the very end is some more discussion about Planning Comission's role in implementing A2Zero.

Planning Commission, Tuesday Feb. 1 2022

Video of the meeting.

They're planning to consider elimination of parking minimums. Yay!

City-initiated rezoning Petition for State and Eisenhower Area: area north and west of Briarwood would be rezoned to TC1. Wonwoo Lee recused himself. (He works for Oxford Companies, which owns property in the area).... which owns a lot of land in the area). Good overview by Alexis DiLeo. More details in Legistar. (Look at the staff report.)

Kirk Westphal called in a few times mainly to talk about parking maximums: he's worried we'll get some very parking-intensive developments now that we'll be stuck with for decades.

Micing of in-person commissioners is inconsistent; I can barely hear Lisa Disch.

Shannan Gibb-Randall notes there are a lot of sidewalk gaps in the area and now's the time to do it. (Brett Lennart notes that any new development in the area will be required to build sidewalks.)

TC-1 Rezoning passes unanimously. Yay!

R2A updates

Planning Comission has a public hearing on some changes to the R2A zone tonight: Oops, note that's just the notice for a public hearing, the actual hearing is March 1.

Minimum Lot Size in R2A District: Amendment to Section 5.17.3 (Residential Zoning Districts), Table 5-17-2 (Two-Family Residential Zoning District Dimensions) to change the minimum lot size from 8,500 square feet to 5,000 square feet, to change the minimum lot width from 60 feet to 40 feet, and to change the minimum lot area per dwelling unit from 4,250 square feet to 2,500 square feet.

Cities are the most efficient places to live, but they've been getting steadily more expensive to live in, and Ann Arbor is no exception. So, I'm completely in favor of anything that makes it easier to build more housing on a lot.

Also see a map of the R2A zoned parcels, and charts with more details.

My naive questions:

  • Why aren't the new numbers lower? (Why not zero, for that matter? As long as it's safe and up to building code, are these minimums anything anything other than "you must be this rich to live here" rules?)
  • Will we update R2B and R4C as well?
  • How much potential added housing supply do these changes add on their own? (Are there lots that could fit more units under new minimums and, if so, how many?)

(Response from Brett Lennart: "The minimums are proposed to be lowered to be more consistent with the R1D zoning district. We don't anticipate
immediate review of the R2B or R4C lot sizes, but these could be evaluated in the future.")

Ann Arbor Home Occupation Regulations, continued

The Ann Arbor home occupation regulations ordinance revision came before planning commission again on May 18; for video of the discussion see:

https://youtu.be/3tRQGp5D_h4?t=796

See legistar for new ordinance language and staff report describing the changes.

The main change since the previous proposal is to remove the lists of specific prohibited or allowed occupations. In particular, the prohibitions of "recording studios" and "Machine shop/metal working", are gone. Those prohibitions were the targets of lots of complaints in public commentary.

Other changes were also in the direction of liberalizing the rules somewhat; see the staff report linked from legistar, above.

There was no more public comment at this meeting.

I believe the next step will be two readings at city council, but I don't see it on their schedule yet.

Ann Arbor Home Occupation Regulations

What kind of businesses are you allowed to run out of your Ann Arbor home?

Part of the answer is in section 5.16.6.H.1 of Ann Arbor's zoning ordinances; see p. 51 of this document, or these home occupation guidelines.

The ordinance is old, and it seems a good time to revisit it now that so many of us are working at home; so planning staff has proposed some revisions; they'll be discussed at the next planning commission meeting April 20, at 7pm.

Follow the link for agenda item 8-b, then the "related files" link to get to the most interesting stuff:

In particular, the new text says "the following uses are not permitted as home occupations":

  • Medical/dental office
  • Motor vehicle and engine repair
  • Furniture refinishing
  • Gymnastic facilities
  • Recording studios
  • Outdoor recreation activities
  • Medical/cosmetic facilities for animals, including animal care or boarding facilities
  • Machine shop/metal working
  • Retail sales
  • Commercial food preparation
  • Mortuaries
  • Medical procedures
  • Body piercing and/or painting, tattoos, or any type of physical therapy

This affects uses in residential zones. So, if you're wondering what would be allowed at a given property, you can look up the address on the city zoning map; residential zones begin with "R" (R1a, R2, etc.).

Planning commission will discuss this, then either turn it down or recommend it to city council. Then before it becomes law it will need to have a first and second reading at city council. It will probably change between now and then. Ways you can express your opinion:

  • Email planning staff at planning@a2gov.org and also request that they pass along your message to planning commission.
  • Email city council at CityCouncil@a2gov.org.
  • Email your specific council people; see here for ward map and list of council people.

You can also call in to speak at any of these meetings. Some planning ahead is required, especially for council. You get three minutes. It may also be worth coordinating with other people to make sure that all your points are covered even if not everyone is able to speak.

Though this wasn't on the agenda for Monday's special meeting of the planning commission, several people called in mainly to object to the "Machine Shop/metal working" prohibition; see the meeting video.

I haven't looked at it closely yet, and I'm not expert on any of this, but here's my knee-jerk reaction: some of the changes actually look OK, but I don't like the list of prohibited occupations. I object to several individual items on that list, but I'm also skeptical of the need for such a list at all. The prohibition against music studios, for example, is probably based on the potential for noise; but the ordinance already requires of home occupations that "No generation of dust, odors, noise, vibration, or electrical interference or fluctuation shall be perceptible beyond the property line." Why not leave it at that?

I'm also curious about some of those "performance standards". Do we really need the floor area limitation? "Electronically amplified sounds shall not be audible from adjacent properties or public streets": why isn't this already covered by the "no generation of dust, odors, noise, vibration..." rule above? And is it really reasonable to require absolutely *no* noise ever? Why is that "Cottage Foods Occupations must be located in principal residence", and not an ADU?

Under "prohibited home occupations" there's a catch-all "Any other use not allowed in accordance with 5.16.6.H.5 Performance Standards". Why not also allow any home occupation that isn't specifically enumerated, but that meets the performance standards?

The new language is more liberal in some ways, too, which I think are good; allowable visits are increased by a couple a day, and parking requirements removed (though with a new limit on the number of simultaneous visitors).

I hope the end result is to make things better for people working at home. I think that's staff's intention, despite some of the problems.

Talking to some people that have tried a variety of home occupations might be useful.

Also of possible interest:

Traffic! Traffic! Traffic!

We often hear that about 80,000 people commute into Ann Arbor for work. How do we know that? Where does that kind of number come from?

One source is the Census Bureau's OnTheMap site.

You can look up numbers there; to get the following chart, I searched for Ann Arbor city, chose "Perform Analysis on Selection Area", then "Inflow/Outflow" and "Primary Jobs" from the following dialog. This shows that about 86,000 work in Ann Arbor and live outside, 24,000 both live and work in Ann Arbor, and 19,000 live in Ann Arbor and work elsewhere:

You can also ask for multiple years:

The data is assembled from a number of sources; see the documentation at the OnTheMap site for details.

Semcog's Commuting Patterns site is another convenient source. They report that 72,552 people worked in Ann Arbor and lived elsewhere in 2016, and report 63,420 for 2010. So, their numbers are in the same ballpark as the OnTheMap numbers, and show the same trend, but it would be interesting to understand why they're different. The estimate of number of people working in Ann Arbor is very close (comparing the 2016 numbers--111,290 for OnTheMap, 112,878 for semcog), but their estimate of number of people both living and working in Ann Arbor is very different (24,230 for OnTheMap, 40,326 for SemCog).

Semcog's source appears to be CTTP, specifically I think it's mainly question 31 from the American Community Survey (ACS): "At what location did this person work LAST WEEK? If this person worked at more than one location, print where he or she worked most last week."

OnTheMap/LODES appears to be based mainly on unemployment insurance and (for federal employees), the Office of Personnel Management. Anecdotally, there's some skepticism about whether they get employer locations correct, and I also wonder whether they might be counting as in-commuters some students who list their parents' addresses on employment records but actually live in town. The LODES data may still be useful at least for comparisons across time, though.

We also have forty-thousand-some students who need to get between home and campus daily. Jonathan Levine points out SCIP, which has some useful data. They report 95% of student residences as in the "Ann Arbor area". Unfortunately they define "Ann Arbor area" using zip codes that extend out into the townships, so it's not directly comparable to the above data. They also have some interesting-looking information about commute modes and employees.

Of course, all this is based on data about where people live and where they work. It would also be interesting to compare with data about traffic; this county road commission site looks like one good starting point.

Other stuff to follow up on:

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